Photosynthetica 1999, 36(4):547-555 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007092004582

Leaf Photosynthesis of the Mangrove Avicennia Germinans as Affected by NaCl

M.A. Sobrado1
1 Laboratorio de Biología Ambiental de Plantas, Departamento de Biología de Organismos, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela

In leaves of the mangrove species Avicennia germinans (L.) L. grown in salinities from 0 to 40 ‰, fluorescence, gas exchange, and δ13C analyses were done. Predawn values of Fv/Fm were about 0.75 in all the treatments suggesting that leaves did not suffer chronic photoinhibition. Conversely, midday Fv/Fm values decreased to about 0.55-0.60 which indicated strong down-regulation of photosynthesis in all treatments. Maximum photosynthetic rate (P max) was 14.58 ± 0.22 µmol m-2 s-1 at 0 ‰ it decreased by 21 and 37 % in plants at salinities of 10 and 40 ‰, respectively. Stomatal conductance (g s) was profoundly responsive in comparison to P max which resulted in a high water use efficiency. This was further confirmed by δ13C values, which increased with salinity. From day 3, after salt was removed from the soil solution, P max and g s increased up to 13 and 30 %, respectively. However, the values were still considerably lower than those measured in plants grown without salt addition.

Additional key words: δ13C; carbon discrimination; down-regulation; fluorescence; intercellular CO2 concentration; photoinhibition; salinity; stomatal conductance; succulence; water use efficiency

Prepublished online: January 1, 2000; Published: December 1, 1999  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Sobrado, M.A. (1999). Leaf Photosynthesis of the Mangrove Avicennia Germinans as Affected by NaCl. Photosynthetica, 36(4), 547-555. doi: 10.1023/A:1007092004582
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Azócar, A., Rada, F., Orozco, A.: [Water relations and gas exchange in two mangrove species with contrasting mechanisms of salt regulation.]-Ecotrópicos 5: 11-19, 1992. [In Span.]
    2. Ball, M.C.: Salinity tolerance in the mangroves Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina. I. Water use in relation to growth, carbon partitioning, and salt balance.-Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 15: 447-464. 1988. Go to original source...
    3. Ball, M.C.: Comparative ecophysiology of mangrove forest and tropical lowland moist rainforest.-In: Mulkey, R.L., Smith, A.P. (ed.): Tropical Forest Plants Ecophysiology. Pp. 461-496. Chapman and Hall, New York 1996. Go to original source...
    4. Ball, M.C., Cowan, I.R., Farquhar, G.D.: Maintenance of leaf temperature and the optimisation of carbon gain in relation to water loss in a tropical mangrove forest.-Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 15: 263-276, 1988. Go to original source...
    5. Ball, M.C., Farquhar, G.D.: Photosynthetic and stomatal responses of two mangrove species, Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina, to long term salinity and humidity conditions.-Plant Physiol. 74: 1-6, 1984. Go to original source...
    6. Ball, M.C., Pidsley, S.M.: Growth responses to salinity in relation to distribution in two mangrove species, Sonneratia alba and S. lanceolata, in northern Australia.-Funct. Ecol. 9: 77-85, 1995. Go to original source...
    7. Ball, M.C., Sobrado, M.A.: Ecophysiology of mangroves: challenges in linking physiological process with patterns in forest structure.-In: Press, M.C., Scholes, J.D., Barker, M.G. (ed.): Advances in Plant Physiological Ecology. In press. Blackwell Science, Oxford 1999.
    8. Brugnoli, E., Björkman, O.: Growth of cotton under continuous salinity stress: influence on the allocation pattern, stomatal and non-stomatal components of photosynthesis and dissipation of excess light energy.-Planta 187: 335-347, 1992. Go to original source...
    9. Caemmerer, S. von, Farquhar, G.D.: Some relationships between the biochemistry of photosynthesis and the gas exchange of leaves.-Planta 153: 376-387, 1981. Go to original source...
    10. Clough, B.F., Andrew, T.J., Cowan, I.R.: Physiological processes in mangroves.-In: Clough, B.F. (ed.): Mangrove Ecosystems in Australia. Structure, Function and Management. Pp. 193-210. Australian National University Press, Canberra 1982.
    11. Clough, B.F., Sim, R.G.: Changes in gas exchange characteristics and water use efficiency of mangroves in response to salinity and vapour pressure deficit.-Oecologia 79: 38-44, 1989. Go to original source...
    12. Demmig-Adams, B., Adams, W.W., III: Photoprotection and other responses of plants to high light stress.-Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 43: 599-626, 1992. Go to original source...
    13. Downton, W.J.S.: Growth and osmotic relation of the mangrove Avicennia marina as influenced by salinity.-Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 9: 519-528, 1982. Go to original source...
    14. Ehleringer, J.R., Phillips, S.L., Comstock, J.P.: Seasonal variation in the carbon isotopic composition of desert plants.-Funct. Ecol. 6: 396-404, 1992. Go to original source...
    15. Farquhar, G.D., Ball, M.C., Cammerer, S. von, Roksandic, S.: Effect of salinity and humidity on δ13C value of halophytes - evidence for diffusional fractionation determined by the ratio of intercellular/atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 under different environmental conditions.-Oecologia 52: 121-124, 1982. Go to original source...
    16. Farquhar, G.D., Ehleringer, J.R., Hubick, K.T.: Carbon isotope discrimination and photosynthesis.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 40: 503-537, 1989. Go to original source...
    17. Greenway, H., Munns, R.: Mechanisms of salt tolerance in non-halophytes.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 31: 149-190, 1980. Go to original source...
    18. Larcher, W., Wagner, J., Thammathaworn, A.: Effects of superimposed temperature stress on in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence of Vigna unguiculata under saline stress.-J. Plant Physiol. 136: 92-102, 1990. Go to original source...
    19. Lichtenthaler, H.K., Wellburn, A.R.: Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents.-Biochem. Soc. Trans. 11: 591-592, 1983. Go to original source...
    20. Lin, G., Sternberg, L. da S.L.: Differences in morphology, carbon isotope ratios, and photosynthesis between scrub and fringe mangroves in Florida, USA.-Aquat. Bot. 42: 303-313, 1992. Go to original source...
    21. Lovelock, C.E., Clough, B.F.: Influence of solar radiation and leaf angle on xanthophyll concentrations in mangroves.-Oecologia 91: 518-525, 1982. Go to original source...
    22. Mallery, C.H., Teas, H.J.: The mineral ion relations of mangroves. 1. Root cell compartments in a salt excluder and a salt excreter species at low salinities.-Plant Cell Physiol. 25: 1123-1131, 1984.
    23. Popp, M., Larher, F., Weigel, P.: Chemical composition of Australian mangroves. III. Free amino acids, total methylated anion compounds and total nitrogen.-Z. Planzenphysiol. 114: 15-25, 1984. Go to original source...
    24. Scholander, P.F., Hammel, H.T., Hemmingsen, E.A., Garey, W.: Salt balance in mangroves.-Plant Physiol. 37: 722-729, 1962. Go to original source...
    25. Seemann, J.R., Critchley, C.C.: Effects of salt stress on the growth, ion content, stomatal behaviour and photosynthetic capacity of a salt sensitive species, Phaseolus vulgaris L.-Planta 164: 151-162, 1985. Go to original source...
    26. Seemann, J.R., Sharkey, T.D.: Salinity and nitrogen effects on photosynthesis, ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase and metabolite pool sizes in Phaseolus vulgaris L.-Plant Physiol. 82: 555-560, 1986. Go to original source...
    27. Smith, J.A.C., Popp, M., Lüttge, U., Cram, W.J., Diaz, M., Griffiths, H., Lee, H.S.J., Medina, E., Schäfer, C., Stimmel, K.-H., Thonke, B.: Ecophysiology of xerophytic and halophytic vegetation of a coastal alluvial plain in northern Venezuela. VI. Water relations and gas exchange of mangroves.-New Phytol. 11: 293-307, 1989. Go to original source...
    28. Sobrado, M.A.: Drought effect on photosynthesis of the mangrove Avicennia germinans under contrasting salinities.-Tress 13: 125-130, 1999. Go to original source...
    29. Sobrado, M.A., Ball, M.C.: Light uses in relation to gain in the mangrove, Avicennia marina, under hypersaline conditions.-Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 26: 245-251, 1999. Go to original source...
    30. Suárez, N., Sobrado, M.A., Medina, E.: Salinity effects on the leaf water relations components and ion accumulation patterns in Avicennia germinans L. seedlings.-Oecologia 114: 299-304, 1998. Go to original source...
    31. Tomlinson, P.B.: The Botany of Mangroves.-Cambridge University Press, London 1986.
    32. Waisel, Y., Eshel, A., Agami, M.: Salt balance of leaves of the mangrove Avicennia marina.-Physiol. Plant. 67: 67-72, 1986. Go to original source...
    33. Werner, A., Stelzer, R.: Physiological responses of the mangrove Rhizophora mangle grown in absence and presence of NaCl.-Plant Cell Environ. 13: 243-355, 1990. Go to original source...

    Return to the content