Photosynthetica 1999, 36(14):573-585 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007171525298

Leaf Anatomy, Inclination, and Gas Exchange Relationships in Evergreen Sclerophqldous and Drought Semideciduous Shrub Species

L. Gratani1, A. Bombelli1
1 Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy

There are significant differences in leaf life-span among evergreen sclerophyllous species and drought semideciduous species growing in the Mediterranean maquis. Cistus incamus, which has a leaf life-span of four-eight months, was characterised by the highest net photosynthetic rates (PN), while Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia, which maintain their leaves two-three and two-four years, respectively, had a lower PN. The longer leaf life-span of the two evergreen sclerophyllous species may be justified to cover the high production costs of leaf protective structures such as cuticle, hairs, and sclereids: cuticle and hairs screen radiation penetrating into the more sensitive tissues, and sclereids have a light-guiding function. Q. ilex and P. latifolia have the highest leaf mass/area ratio (LMA = 209 g m-2) and a mesophyll leaf density (2065 cells per mm2 of leaf cross section area) about two times higher than C. incanus. In the typical evergreen sclerophyllous species the steepest leaf inclination (α = 56°) reduces 42 % of radiation absorption, resulting in a reduced physiological stress at leaf level, particularly in summer. C. incanus, because of its low leaf life-span, requires a lower leaf investment in leaf protective structures. It exhibits a drastic reduction of winter leaves just before summer drought, replacing them with smaller folded leaves. The lower leaf inclination (α = 44°) and the lower LMA (119 g m-2) of C. incanus complement photosynthetic performance. Water use efficiency (WUE) showed the same trend in Q. ilex, P. latifolia, and C. incanus, decreasing 60 % from spring to summer, due to the combined effects of decreased CO2 uptake and increased transpirational water loss.

Prepublished online: December 1, 2000; Published: December 31, 1999  Show citation

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Gratani, L., & Bombelli, A. (1999). Leaf Anatomy, Inclination, and Gas Exchange Relationships in Evergreen Sclerophqldous and Drought Semideciduous Shrub Species. Photosynthetica, 37(4), 573-585. doi: 10.1023/A:1007171525298
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