Photosynthetica 2003, 41(4):505-511 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000027514.56808.35

Photosynthetic Performance of Ginkgo biloba L. Grown Under High and Low Irradiance

S. Pandey1, S. Kumar1, P.K. Nagar1,*
1 Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur -, India

Diurnal variation in net photosynthetic rate (PN) of three-year-old plants of Ginkgo biloba was studied under open, O (receiving full sunlight), net-shade, NS (40 % of photosynthetically active radiation, PAR), or greenhouse, G (25 % PAR) conditions. In all three conditions, PN was higher in morning along with stomatal conductance (gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), while leaf temperature and vapour pressure deficit were low. The O-plants exhibited a typical decline in PN during midday, which was not observed in NS-plants. This indicated a possible photoinhibition in O-plants as the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and photosystem 2 (PS2) yield (ΦPS2) values were higher in the NS- and G-plants. On the contrary, stomatal density and index, chlorophyll a/b ratio, leaf thickness, and density of mesophyll cells were greater in O-plants. Further, higher PN throughout the day along with higher relative growth rate under NS as compared to O and G suggested the better efficiency of Ginkgo plants under NS conditions. Therefore, this plant species could be grown at 40 % irradiance to meet the ever-increasing demand of leaf and also to increase its export potential.

Additional key words: chlorophyll a fluorescence; leaf anatomy; leaf mass; net photosynthetic rate; photoinhibition; solar irradiance; stomatal conductance; transpiration rate

Published: December 1, 2003  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Pandey, S., Kumar, S., & Nagar, P.K. (2003). Photosynthetic Performance of Ginkgo biloba L. Grown Under High and Low Irradiance. Photosynthetica, 41(4), 505-511. doi: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000027514.56808.35
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Anderson, J.M., Chow, W.S., Park, Y.-I.: The grand design of photosynthesis: Acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus to environmental cues. - Photosynth. Res. 46: 129-139, 1995. Go to original source...
    2. Anten, N.P.R., Werger, M.J.A.: Canopy structure and nitrogen distribution in dominant and subordinate plants in a dense stand of Amaranthus dubius L. with a size hierarchy of individuals. - Oecologia 105: 30-37, 1996. Go to original source...
    3. Baker, N.R., Bowyer, J.R. (ed.): Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis, From Molecular Mechanism to the Field. - Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford 1994.
    4. Beyschlag, W., Pfanz, H., Ryel, R.J.: Stomatal patchiness in Mediterranean evergreen sclerophylls. Phenomenology and consequences for the interpretation of the midday depression in photosynthesis and transpiration. - Planta 187: 546-553, 1992. Go to original source...
    5. Boardman, N.K.: Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants. - Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 28: 355-377, 1977. Go to original source...
    6. Carr, M.K.W.: The climatic requirements of the tea plant: a review. - Exp. Agr. 8: 1-14, 1972. Go to original source...
    7. Chazdon, R.L., Kaufmann, S.: Plasticity of leaf anatomy of two rain forest shrubs in relation to photosynthetic irradiance acclimation. - Funct. Ecol. 7: 385-394, 1993. Go to original source...
    8. Evans, G.C.: The Quantitative Analysis of Plant Growth. - University of California Press, Berkeley 1972.
    9. Evans, J.R.: Partitioning of nitrogen between and within leaves grown under different irradiances. - Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 16: 533-548, 1989. Go to original source...
    10. Evans, J.R.: Photosynthetic irradiance acclimation and nitrogen partitioning within a lucerne canopy. 1. Canopy characteristics. - Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 20: 55-67, 1993. Go to original source...
    11. Evans, J.R.: Leaf anatomy enables more equal access to irradiance and CO2 between chloroplasts. - New Phytol. 143: 93-104, 1999. Go to original source...
    12. Evans, J.R., Poorter, H.: Photosynthetic acclimation of plants to growth irradiance: the relative importance of specific leaf area and nitrogen partitioning in maximizing carbon gain. - Plant Cell Environ. 24: 755-767, 2001. Go to original source...
    13. Franks, P.J., Farquhar, G.D.: A relationship between humidity response, growth form and photosynthetic operating point in C3 plants. - Plant Cell Environ. 22: 1337-1349, 1999. Go to original source...
    14. Gunasekera, D., Berkowitz, G.A.: Heterogeneous stomatal closure in response to leaf water deficits is not a universal phenomenon. - Plant Physiol. 98: 660-665, 1992. Go to original source...
    15. Hanba, Y.T., Kogami, H., Terashima, I.: The effect of growth irradiance on leaf anatomy and photosynthesis in Acer species differing in irradiance demand. - Plant Cell Environ. 25: 1021-1030, 2002. Go to original source...
    16. Hikosaka, K., Hanba, Y.T., Hirose, T., Terashima, I.: Photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency in leaves of woody and herbaceous species. - Funct. Ecol. 12: 896-905, 1998. Go to original source...
    17. Kleijnen, J., Knipschild, P.: Ginkgo biloba for cerebral insufficiency. - Brit. J. clin. Pharm. 34: 352-358, 1992. Go to original source...
    18. Kogami, H., Hanba, Y.T., Kibe, T., Terashima, I., Masuzawa, T.: CO2 transfer conductance, leaf structure and carbon isotope composition of Polygonum cuspidatum leaves from low and high altitudes. - Plant Cell Environ. 24: 529-538, 2001. Go to original source...
    19. Küppers, M., Wheeler, A.M., Küppers, B.I.L., Kirschbaum, M.U.F., Farquhar, G.D.: Carbon fixation in eucalyptus in the field. Analysis of diurnal variations in photosynthetic capacity. - Oecologia 70: 273-282, 1986. Go to original source...
    20. Lambers, H., Chapin, F.S., III., Pons, T.L.: Plant Physiological Ecology. - Springer, New York 1998. Go to original source...
    21. Laurin, D.J.G., Tremouillaux, J., Chenieux, J.C., Van Beek, T.A.: Production of ginkgolide and bilobalide in transformed and gametophyte derived cell cultures of G. biloba. - Phytochemistry 46: 127-130, 1997. Go to original source...
    22. Long, S.P., Humphries, S., Falkowski, P.G.: Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in nature. - Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 45: 633-662, 1994. Go to original source...
    23. Meidner, H., Mansfield, T.A.: Physiology of Stomata. - McGraw-Hill, London 1968.
    24. Melis, A.: Photosystem-II damage and repair cycle in chloroplasts: what modulates the rate of photodamage in vivo? - Trends Plant Sci. 4: 130-135, 1999. Go to original source...
    25. Meng, Q.W., Weis, E., Zou, Q., Zhao, S.J.: Photoinhibition and photoprotection in Ginkgo biloba leaves: influence of temperature, CO2 and O2. - Acta bot. sin. 41: 398-404, 1999.
    26. Murray, F.: Ginkgo biloba: Therapeutic and Antioxidant Properties of the Tree of Health - A Keats Good Herb Guide. - Pp. 7-9. Keats Publishing, New Canaan 1996.
    27. Niinemets, Ñ., Tenhunen, J.D.: A model separating structural and physiological effects on carbon gain along light gradients for the shade-tolerant species Acer saccharum. - Plant Cell Environ. 20: 845-866, 1997. Go to original source...
    28. Nobel, P.S.: Physicochemical and Environmental Plant Physiology. - Academic Press, San Diego 1999
    29. Palanisamy, K.: Environmental impact on photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen reductase activity in Pongamia pinnata trees. - Photosynthetica 32: 149-152, 1996.
    30. Pandey, S., Nagar, P.K.: Leaf surface wetness and morphological characteristics of Valeriana jatamansi plants grown under open and shade habitats. - Biol. Plant. 45: 291-294, 2002. Go to original source...
    31. Pons, T.L., Vanrijnberk, H., Scheurwater, I., Vanderwerf, A.: Importance of the gradient in photosynthetically active radiation in a vegetation stand for leaf nitrogen allocation in two monocotyledons. - Oecologia 95: 416-424, 1993. Go to original source...
    32. Powles, S.B.: Photoinhibition of photosynthesis induced by visible irradiance. - Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 35: 15-44, 1984. Go to original source...
    33. Prado, C.H.B.A., de Moraes, J.A.P.V., de Mattos, E.A.: Gas exchange and leaf water status in potted plants of Copaifera langsdorffii. 2. Probable influence of low air humidity. - Photosynthetica 31: 31-36, 1995.
    34. Schiefthaler, U., Russell, A.W., Bolhàr-Nordenkampf, H.R., Critchley, C.: Photoregulation and photodamage in Schefflera arboricola leaves adapted to different light environments. - Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 26: 485-494, 1999. Go to original source...
    35. Shen, J.G., Zhou, D.Y.: Efficiency of G. biloba extract in antioxidant protection against mycordial ischemia and reperfusion injury. - Biochem. mol. Biol. int. 35: 125-134, 1995.
    36. Singh, M., Chaturvedi, R., Sane, P.V.: Diurnal and seasonal photosynthetic characteristics of Populus deltoides Marsh. leaves. - Photosynthetica 32: 11-21, 1996. Go to original source...
    37. Sinoquet, H., Le Roux, X., Adam, B., Ameglio, T., Daudet, F.A.: RATP: a model for simulating the spatial distribution of radiation absorption, transpiration and photosynthesis within canopies: application to an isolated tree crown. - Plant Cell Environ. 24: 395-406, 2001. Go to original source...
    38. Taiz, L., Zeiger, E.: Plant Physiology. - Sinauer, Sunderland 1998.
    39. Tanton, T.W.: Environmental factors affecting the yield of tea (Camellia sinensis). I. Effects of air temperature. - Exp. Agr. 18: 47-52, 1982. Go to original source...
    40. Vats, S.K., Pandey, S., Nagar, P.K.: Photosynthetic response to irradiance in Valeriana jatamansi Jones, a threatened understorey medicinal herb of Western Himalaya. - Photosynthetica 40: 625-628, 2002. Go to original source...
    41. Vesper, J., Hansgen, K.D.: Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba in 90 outpatients with cerebral insufficiency caused by old age. - Phytomedicine 1: 9-16, 1994. Go to original source...
    42. Weyers, J.D.B., Lawson, T.: Heterogeneity in stomatal characteristics. - Adv. bot. Res. 26: 317-352, 1997. Go to original source...
    43. Zhang, W.X., Cao, F.L., Wu, J.S., Wang, G.B.: Effects of shading on photosynthesis and leaf yields of Ginkgo. - J. Nanjing Forestry Univ. 24: 11-15, 2000.

    Return to the content