Photosynthetica 2023, 61(3):377-389 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2023.031

Morphophysiological responses of Theobroma cacao L. rootstocks to flooding and post-flooding conditions

M.L.P.B. PINTO1, J. CRASQUE2, B. CERRI NETO2, T.R. FERREIRA2, C.A.S. SOUZA3, A.R. FALQUETO1, 2, T.C. DE SOUZA4, J.A. MACHADO FILHO5, L.O. ARANTES5, S. DOUSSEAU-ARANTES1, 2, 5
1 Post-graduation Program in Tropical Agriculture, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
2 Post-graduation Program in Plant Biology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
3 Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil
4 Instituto de Ciências da Natureza (ICN), Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
5 Centro de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Norte, Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil

This study investigates how cocoa rootstocks respond to flooding and post-flooding conditions, offering insights for cocoa plantation sustainability in flood-prone areas due to climate change. We studied Theobroma cacao L. rootstocks for 60 d of flooding and 30 d post-flooding, grafting PS-1319 scions onto five rootstocks (TSH-1188, Cepec-2002, Pará, Esfip-02, SJ-02). Photochemical performance remained stable across rootstocks, while flooding progressively reduced electron transport efficiency. Photochemical damage emerged after 7 d, worsening occurred at 19 d. Although post-flooding efficiency improved, recovery time was insufficient for full restoration. Stem diameter increased less in Esfip-02. TSH-1188 had the highest stem dry mass during flooding and the most root and total dry mass during post-flooding. SJ-02 had the lowest stem dry mass and post-flooding total dry mass. Principal component analysis revealed stem and root development as a key for recovery. SJ-02 and Esfip-02 showed lower flooding tolerance and recovery, while TSH-1188 and Pará exhibited higher resilience.

Additional key words: cocoa; photosynthesis; plasticity; water stress.

Received: August 24, 2022; Revised: July 20, 2023; Accepted: August 15, 2023; Prepublished online: September 18, 2023; Published: October 5, 2023  Show citation

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PINTO, M.L.P.B., CRASQUE, J., CERRI NETO, B., FERREIRA, T.R., SOUZA, C.A.S., FALQUETO, A.R., ... DOUSSEAU-ARANTES, S. (2023). Morphophysiological responses of Theobroma cacao L. rootstocks to flooding and post-flooding conditions. Photosynthetica, 61(3), 377-389. doi: 10.32615/ps.2023.031
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