Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):117-124 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-7124-7

Xanthophyll cycle activity in detached barley leaves senescing under dark and light

M. ©pundová1, K. Strza³ka1, J. Nau¹1
1 Department of Experimental Physics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic

Senescence-induced changes in the xanthophyll cycle activity and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters were compared in detached barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf segments kept for 6 d in darkness or under continuous " white light" (90 μmol m-2 s-1). Before detachment of the leaf segments, the plants were grown at periodic regime [12 h light (90 μmol m-2 s-1)/12 h dark]. The de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments (DEPS) in the leaf samples was determined immediately (the actual DEPS), after 1 h of dark-adaptation (the residual DEPS), and during 14 min of a high-irradiance (HI) exposure (500 μmol m-2 s-1) (HI-induced DEPS). In the light-senescing segments, senescence was delayed pronouncedly compared to dark-senescing ones as the Chl content, the photosystem 2 photochemistry, and electron transport processes were highly maintained. Further, the actual DEPS increased, probably due to the increased mean photon dose. The HI-induced increase in the DEPS was stimulated in the light-senescing segments, whereas it was slowed down in the dark-senescing ones. However, after the 14 min HI-exposure of the dark-senescing segments the HI-induced DEPS was not markedly lower than in the mature leaves, which indicated the maintenance of the xanthophyll cycle operation.

Additional key words: ageing; carotenoids; chlorophyll fluorescence induction; de-epoxidation state; Hordeum vulgare; photosystem 2

Received: June 7, 2004; Accepted: October 25, 2004; Published: March 1, 2005  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
©pundová, M., Strza³ka, K., & Nau¹, J. (2005). Xanthophyll cycle activity in detached barley leaves senescing under dark and light. Photosynthetica, 43(1), 117-124. doi: 10.1007/s11099-005-7124-7
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Afitlhile, M.M., Dent, R.M., Cowan, A.K.: Changes in carotenoid composition in senescing leaves of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan. - J. Plant Physiol. 142: 43-49, 1993. Go to original source...
    2. Bilger, W., Björkman, O.: Role of the xanthophyll cycle in photoprotection elucidated by measurements of light-induced absorbance changes, fluorescence and photosynthesis in leaves of Hedera canariensis. - Photosynth. Res. 25: 173-185, 1990. Go to original source...
    3. Biswal, B.: Carotenoid catabolism during leaf senescence and its control by light. - J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 30: 3-13, 1995. Go to original source...
    4. Björkman, O., Demmig-Adams, B.: Regulation of photosynthetic light energy capture, conversion, and dissipation in leaves of higher plants. - In: Schulze, E.D., Caldwell, M.M. (ed.): Ecophysiology of Photosynthesis. Pp. 17-47. Springer-Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg 1995. Go to original source...
    5. Èajánek, M., Hudcová, M., Kalina, J., Lachetová, I., ©punda, V.: Gradual disassembly of photosystem 2 in vivo induced by excess irradiance. A hypothesis based on changes in 77 K fluorescence spectra of chlorophyll a in barley leaves. - Photosynthetica 37: 295-306, 1999. Go to original source...
    6. Camp, P.J., Huber, S.C., Burke, J.J., Moreland, D.E.: Biochemical changes that occur during senescence of wheat leaves. I. Basis for the reduction of photosynthesis. - Plant Physiol. 70: 1641-1646, 1982. Go to original source...
    7. Chang, C.J., Kao, C.H.: H2O2 metabolism during senescence of rice leaves: changes in enzyme activities in light and darkness. - Plant Growth Regul. 25: 11-15, 1998. Go to original source...
    8. Choudhury, N.K., Behera, R.K.: Photoinhibition of photosynthesis: Role of carotenoids in photoprotection of chloroplast constituents. - Photosynthetica 39: 481-488, 2001. Go to original source...
    9. Demmig-Adams, B.: Carotenoids and photoprotection: A role for the xanthophyll zeaxanthin. - Biochim. biophys. Acta 1020: 1-24, 1990. Go to original source...
    10. Demmig-Adams, B., Adams, W.W., III.: Photoprotection and other responses of plants to high light stress. - Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 43: 599-626, 1992. Go to original source...
    11. Demmig-Adams, B., Adams, W.W., III.: The role of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids in the protection of photosynthesis. - Trends Plant Sci. 1: 21-26, 1996. Go to original source...
    12. Färber, A., Jahns, P.: The xanthophyll cycle of higher plants: influence of antenna size and membrane organization. - Biochim. biophys. Acta 1363: 47-58, 1998. Go to original source...
    13. Feekes, W.: De tarwe en haar milieu'. Vers. XVII. - Tarwe Commun. Pp. 560-561. Groningen 1941.
    14. García-Plazaola, J.I., Becerill J.M.: Seasonal changes in photosynthetic pigments and antioxidants in beech (Fagus sylvatica) in a Mediterranean climate: implications for tree decline diagnosis. - Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 225-232, 2001. Go to original source...
    15. Gilmore, A.M., Björkman, O.: Adenine nucleotides and the xanthophyll cycle in leaves. I. Effects of CO2- and temperature-limited photosynthesis on adenylate energy charge and violaxanthin de-epoxidation. - Planta 192: 526-536, 1994. Go to original source...
    16. Grover, A.: How do senescing leaves lose photosynthetic activity. - Curr. Sci. 64: 226-234, 1993.
    17. Grover, A., Mohanty, P.: Leaf senescence-induced alterations in structure and function of higher plant chloroplasts. - In: Abrol, Y.P., Mohanty, P., Govindjee (ed.): Photosynthesis: Photoreactions to Plant Productivity. Pp. 225-255. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht - Boston - London 1993. Go to original source...
    18. Gruszecki, W., Strzalka, K.: Does the xanthophyll cycle take part in the regulation of fluidity of the thylakoid membrane? - Biochim. biophys. Acta 1060: 310-314, 1991. Go to original source...
    19. Gut, H., Matile, P.: Breakdown of galactolipids in senescent barley leaves. - Bot. Acta 102: 31-36, 1989. Go to original source...
    20. Havaux, M., Bonfils, J.-P., Lütz, C., Niyogi, K.K.: Photodamage of the photosynthetic apparatus and its dependence on the leaf developmental stage in the npq1 Arabidopsis mutant deficient in the xanthophyll cycle enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase. - Plant Physiol. 124: 273-284, 2000. Go to original source...
    21. Hidema, J., Makino, A., Kurita, Y., Mae, T., Ojima, K.: Changes in the levels of chlorophyll and light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein of PS II in rice leaves aged under different irradiances from full expansion through senescence. - Plant Cell Physiol. 33: 1209-1214, 1992.
    22. Horton, P., Ruban, A.V., Walters, R.G.: Regulation of light harvesting in green plants. - Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 47: 655-684, 1996. Go to original source...
    23. Jiao, D., Ji, B., Li, X.: Characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence and membrane-lipid peroxidation during senescence of flag leaf in different cultivars of rice. - Photosynthetica 41: 33-41, 2003. Go to original source...
    24. Kar, M., Streb, P., Hertwig, B., Feierabend, J.: Sensitivity to photodamage increases during senescence in excised leaves. - J. Plant Physiol. 141: 538-544, 1993. Go to original source...
    25. Klerk, H., Rebers, M., van Loon, L.C.: Effects of light and regulators on senescence-related changes in soluble proteins in detached oat (Avena sativa L.) leaves. - Plant Growth Regul. 13: 137-145, 1993. Go to original source...
    26. Kurasová, I., Èajánek, M., Kalina, J., Urban, O., ©punda, V.: Characterization of acclimation of Hordeum vulgare to high irradiation based on different responses of photosynthetic activity and pigment composition. - Photosynth. Res. 72: 71-83, 2002. Go to original source...
    27. Latowski, D., Kruk, J., Burda, K., Skrzynecka-Jaskier, M., Kostecka-Gugala, A., Strzalka, K.: Kinetics of violaxanthin de-epoxidation by violaxanthin de-epoxidase, a xanthophyll cycle enzyme, is regulated by membrane fluidity in model lipid bilayers. - Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 4656-4665, 2002. Go to original source...
    28. Lazár, D., Nau¹, J.: Statistical properties of chlorophyll fluorescence induction parameters. - Photosynthetica 35: 121-127, 1998. Go to original source...
    29. Lichtenthaler, H.K.: Chlorophylls and carotenoids - pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. - In: Colowick, S.P., Kaplan, N.O. (ed.): Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 148. Pp. 350-382. Academic Press, San Diego - New York - Berkeley - Boston - London - Sydney - Tokyo - Toronto 1987. Go to original source...
    30. Lu, C.M., Lu, Q.T., Zhang, J.H., Kuang, T.Y.: Characterization of photosynthetic pigment composition, photosystem II photochemistry and thermal energy dissipation during leaf senescence of wheat plants in the field. - J. exp. Bot. 52: 1805-1810, 2001a. Go to original source...
    31. Lu, C.M., Lu, Q.T., Zhang, J.H., Zhang, Q., Kuang, T.Y.: Xanthophyll cycle, light energy dissipation and photosystem II down-regulation in senescent leaves of wheat plants grown in the field. - Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 1023-1030, 2001b. Go to original source...
    32. Lu, C.M., Zhang, J.H.: Changes in photosystem II function during senescence of wheat leaves. - Physiol. Plant. 104: 239-247, 1998a. Go to original source...
    33. Lu, C.M., Zhang, J.H.: Modifications in photosystem II photochemistry in senescent leaves of maize plants. - J. exp. Bot. 49: 1671-1679, 1998b. Go to original source...
    34. Lu, Q.T, Wen, X.G., Lu, C.M., Zhang, Q.D., Kuang, T.Y.: Photoinhibition and photoprotection in senescent leaves of field-grown wheat plants. - Plant Physiol. Biochem. 41: 749-754, 2003. Go to original source...
    35. Matile, P.: Senescence and cell death in plant development: Chloroplast senescence and its regulation. - In: Aro, E.-M., Andersson, B. (ed.): Regulation of Photosynthesis. Pp. 277-296. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht - Boston - London 2001. Go to original source...
    36. Meir, S., Philosoph-Hadas, S.: Metabolism of polar lipids during senescence of watercress leaves. - Plant Physiol. Biochem. 33: 241-249, 1995.
    37. Munné-Bosch, S., Allegre, L.: Plant aging increases oxidative stress in chloroplasts. - Planta 214: 608-615, 2002. Go to original source...
    38. Murchie, E.H., Chen, Y.-Z., Hubbart, S., Peng, S., Horton, P.: Interactions between senescence and leaf orientation determine in situ patterns of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field-grown rice. - Plant Physiol. 119: 553-563, 1999. Go to original source...
    39. Pospí¹il, P.: Mechanisms of non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in higher plants. - Photosynthetica 34: 343-355, 1997. Go to original source...
    40. ©esták, Z. (ed.): Photosynthesis During Leaf Development. - Academia, Praha; Dr W Junk Publishers, Dordrecht - Boston - Lancaster 1985.
    41. Smart, C.M.: Gene expression during leaf senescence. - New Phytol. 126: 419-448, 1994. Go to original source...
    42. ©punda, V., Kalina, J., Marek, M.V., Nau¹, J.: Regulation of photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 in Norway spruce at the beginning of winter and in the following spring. - Photosynthetica 33: 91-102, 1997. Go to original source...
    43. ©pundová, M., Popelková, H., Ilík, P., Skotnica, J., Novotný, R., Nau¹, J.: Ultra-structural and functional changes in the chloroplasts of detached barley leaves senescing under dark and light conditions. - J. Plant Physiol. 160: 1051-1058, 2003. Go to original source...
    44. Strzalka, K., Gruszecki, W.I.: Modulation of thylakoid membrane fluidity by exogenously added carotenoids. - J. Biochem. mol. Biol. Biophys. 1: 103-108, 1997.
    45. Tardy, F., Havaux, M.: Thylakoid membrane fluidity and thermostability during the operation of the xanthophyll cycle in higher-plant chloroplasts. - Biochim. biophys. Acta 1330: 179-193, 1997. Go to original source...
    46. Thimann, K.V., Tetley, R.M., Krivak, B.M.: Metabolism of oat leaves during senescence. V. Senescence in light. - Plant Physiol. 59: 448-454, 1977. Go to original source...
    47. van Kooten, O., Snell, J.F.H.: The use of chlorophyll fluorescence nomenclature in plant stress physiology. - Photosynth. Res. 25: 147-150, 1990. Go to original source...
    48. Wanner, L., Keller, F., Matile, P.: Metabolism of radiolabelled galactolipids in senescent barley leaves. - Plant Sci. 78: 199-206, 1991. Go to original source...
    49. Yang, C.W., Chen, Y.Z., Peng, CL., Jun, D., Lin, G.Z.: Daily changes in components of xanthophyll cycle and antioxidant systems in leaves of rice at different developing stage. - Acta Physiol. Plant. 23: 391-398, 2001. Go to original source...

    Return to the content